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IEEE Style: References: Articles & Proceedings

General Format

  • IEEE style citations often call for abbreviated titles for publications. See Abbreviations for IEEE Publications section for a full list of IEEE approved abbreviations.
  • Omit most articles and prepositions like "of," "the," and "on." That is, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering becomes IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.
  • For journal articles, include a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) or an Article ID if available.

Journal Articles

Use either the DOI or the article number. 

List up to 6 authors; for 7 or more, list the first author and then et al. 

[#]     Author, "Article title," Abbreviated Title of Journal, vol. #, no. #, page range, month year, doi: xxx.

[1]    R. Fardel, M. Nagel, F. Nuesch, T. Lippert, and A. Wokaun, “Fabrication of organic light emitting diode pixels by laser-assisted forward transfer,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 91, no. 6, Aug. 2007, Art. no. 061103.

[2]    T. Brunschwiler et al., “Formulation of percolating thermal underfills using hierarchical self-assembly of microparticles and nanoparticles by centrifugal forces and capillary bridging,” J. Microelectron. Electron. Packag., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 149–159, 2012, doi: 10.4071/imaps.357.

Conference Proceedings

General Format

  • List the author and title of the paper, followed by the name of the conference using the following abbreviations as found in the “Common Abbreviations of Words in References” list (see IEEE Reference Guide, pp5.)
  • Write out all the remaining words, but omit most articles and prepositions like "of," "the," and "on." That is, Proceedings of the 1996 Robotics and Automation Conference becomes Proc. 1996 Robot. Automat. Conf.
  • All published conference or proceedings papers have page numbers.

Paper Presented at a Conference

[#]    J. K. Author, “Title of paper,” presented at the Abbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conference, State, Country, Month and day(s), year, Paper number.

[1]    J. Arrillaga and B. Giessner, “Limitation of short-circuit levels by means of HVDC links,” presented at the IEEE Summer Power Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Jul. 12–17, 1990, Paper 70 CP 637.

[2]    D. Caratelli, M. C. Viganó, G. Toso, and P. Angeletti, “Analytical placement technique for sparse arrays,” presented at the 32nd ESA Antenna Workshop, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, Oct. 5–8, 2010.

Conference Proceedings in Print

If the year is given in the conference title, it may be omitted from the end of the reference as shown in the second example below.

[3]    A. Amador-Perez and R. A. Rodriguez-Solis, “Analysis of a CPW-fed annular slot ring antenna using DOE,” in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., Jul. 2006, pp. 4301–4304.

[4]    G. R. Faulhaber, “Design of service systems with priority reservation,” in Conf. Rec. 1995 IEEE Int. Conf. Commun., pp. 3–8.

Conference Proceedings with DOI

[5]    G. Veruggio, “The EURON roboethics roadmap,” in Proc. Humanoids ’06: 6th IEEE-RAS Int. Conf. Humanoid Robots, 2006, pp. 612–617, doi: 10.1109/ICHR.2006.321337.

What Is a DOI?

A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is an alphanumeric string that provides a persistent link to content online. It is good practice to try to include a DOI for every citation accessed electronically.